Hard disk or can be referred to the hard drive, fixed disk, HDD, or
enough hard disk only, is a media that is used to store
system files and data in the computer. Hard disk consists of three
the major part, the magnetic plate, mechanical parts, and the head
to read the data. Plate is used to store
data, while the mechanical rotating plate is served.
Type of hard disk diverse, depending on the category
used. For example, based on the type of its interface, the level of speed
transfer data, and data storage capacity.
Type of interface that are on the hard disk manifold, namely
ATA (IDE, EIDE), Serial ATA (SATA), SCSI (Small Computer System
Interface), SAS, IEEE 1394, USB, and Fiber Channel. Type of interface
determine the level of data rate or speed of data transfer. For example,
SCSI hard disk has a transfer speed of ± 5 MHz, means capable
melakuan transfer data up to 5 Mb per second
2. About Hard Disk and How to work
Among the many types of interfaces, only three types of hard disk
frequently used, ie IDE, SATA, and SCSI. Hard disk SCSI
usually used in servers, workstations, and computer
Apple Macintosh start mid 1990's until now.
While the hard disk that is used in many personal computers
(PC) is the type of SATA.
ATA
AT Attachment (ATA) is a standard interface for connecting
peranti storage such as hard disks, CD-ROM drive, or
DVD-ROM in the computer.
ATA stands for Advanced Technology Attachment. Standard ATA
managed by a committee called X3/INCITS T13. ATA also has a
some other name, such as IDE and atapi. Due to the introduction
the latest version of the ATA called Serial ATA, ATA version of this
then called Parallel ATA (PATA) to distinguish it
version with the new Serial ATA.
Parallel ATA only allows a maximum cable length of only 18
inch (46 cm) even though many products are also available in the market
which has up to 36 inch long (91 cm). Because the distance
short, PATA is only suitable in the computer course. PATA
very cheap and commonly found in computers.
Name this standard is the first PC / AT Attachment. Main features
can accommodate is a direct connection to ISA BUS 16-bit
so named AT Bus. The name is then truncated to AT
Attachment to the copyright problem.
SATA
SATA is the development of the ATA. SATA is defined as
technology designed to replace a total of ATA.
Adapter's serial ATA is able to accommodate data transfer with
speed is higher than the simple ATA.
First-generation SATA interface known as SATA/150
or often referred to as SATA 1. SATA 1 to communicate
with the speed of 1.5 GB / s. Uncoded transfer speed is
1.2 GB / s. SATA/150 speed have almost the same as the
PATA/133, but the latest version of SATA has many advantages
(eg, native Command Queuing), which has a cause
more speed and ability to do the work in the environment
multitask.
At the beginning of the period SATA/150, the adapter and use the drive
bridge chip for mengonversi design with
PATA interface. Peranti bridge have SATA connectors and has a
some power connectors. The slowly, product bridge
the native SATA. When this is the speed of SATA 3Gb / s
and experts are now designing technology to SATA
6GB / s.
Some features of SATA are:
SATA uses a signal line 4 allows cable
a more concise and cheaper than the PATA.
SATA accommodate new features such as hot-swapping and
Native Command Queuing.
SATA drives can ditancapkan to Serial Attached SCSI controller
(SAS) so that it can communicate with the physical cable
the same as native SAS disks, but SAS disks can not be
ditancapkan to SATA controller.
Power cable and SATA cables are enough changes
significant compared to Parallel ATA cables. SATA data cable
the conductor 7 in which 4 of them are active online
for the data. Because of smaller, more SATA cable
easy to use in the room a more narrow and more efficient
for cooling.
SCSI
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) to read "skasi" is
standard created for the purpose of data transfer between computers
and other peripherals. SCSI standards define commands,
protocol and the electrical and optical interfaces that are required. SCSI
offers data transfer speeds are highest among
other standards.
Use at most there is a SCSI hard disk and the tape drive.
However, there is also the SCSI scanner, printer, and optical peranti
(DVD, CD, and other). Classified as a standard SCSI standard
the device independent so that theoretically can be applied to SCSI
in all types of hardware.
Putarannya based on the level of speed, the type of IDE hard disk
have a lap speed of 5400 rpm and 7200 rpm. While
SCSI hard disk capable of rotating between 10,000 s.d. 12,000 rpm.
High-speed lap disc hard disk is measured in units of
RPM (rotation per minute / per minute rounds). The fast lap
hard disk, the amount of data that can be read by the head
much. Similarly, vice versa.
Some brands of hard disk used, among other
Western Digital (WDC), Quantum, Seagate, Maxtor, Samsung, IBM,
Toshiba, and Hitachi.
Among the many types of interfaces, only three types of hard disk
frequently used, ie IDE, SATA, and SCSI. Hard disk SCSI
usually used in servers, workstations, and computer
Apple Macintosh start mid 1990's until now.
While the hard disk that is used in many personal computers
(PC) is the type of SATA.
ATA
AT Attachment (ATA) is a standard interface for connecting
peranti storage such as hard disks, CD-ROM drive, or
DVD-ROM in the computer.
ATA stands for Advanced Technology Attachment. Standard ATA
managed by a committee called X3/INCITS T13. ATA also has a
some other name, such as IDE and atapi. Due to the introduction
the latest version of the ATA called Serial ATA, ATA version of this
then called Parallel ATA (PATA) to distinguish it
version with the new Serial ATA.
Parallel ATA only allows a maximum cable length of only 18
inch (46 cm) even though many products are also available in the market
which has up to 36 inch long (91 cm). Because the distance
short, PATA is only suitable in the computer course. PATA
very cheap and commonly found in computers.
Name this standard is the first PC / AT Attachment. Main features
can accommodate is a direct connection to ISA BUS 16-bit
so named AT Bus. The name is then truncated to AT
Attachment to the copyright problem.
SATA
SATA is the development of the ATA. SATA is defined as
technology designed to replace a total of ATA.
Adapter's serial ATA is able to accommodate data transfer with
speed is higher than the simple ATA.
First-generation SATA interface known as SATA/150
or often referred to as SATA 1. SATA 1 to communicate
with the speed of 1.5 GB / s. Uncoded transfer speed is
1.2 GB / s. SATA/150 speed have almost the same as the
PATA/133, but the latest version of SATA has many advantages
(eg, native Command Queuing), which has a cause
more speed and ability to do the work in the environment
multitask.
At the beginning of the period SATA/150, the adapter and use the drive
bridge chip for mengonversi design with
PATA interface. Peranti bridge have SATA connectors and has a
some power connectors. The slowly, product bridge
the native SATA. When this is the speed of SATA 3Gb / s
and experts are now designing technology to SATA
6GB / s.
Some features of SATA are:
SATA uses a signal line 4 allows cable
a more concise and cheaper than the PATA.
SATA accommodate new features such as hot-swapping and
Native Command Queuing.
SATA drives can ditancapkan to Serial Attached SCSI controller
(SAS) so that it can communicate with the physical cable
the same as native SAS disks, but SAS disks can not be
ditancapkan to SATA controller.
Power cable and SATA cables are enough changes
significant compared to Parallel ATA cables. SATA data cable
the conductor 7 in which 4 of them are active online
for the data. Because of smaller, more SATA cable
easy to use in the room a more narrow and more efficient
for cooling.
SCSI
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) to read "skasi" is
standard created for the purpose of data transfer between computers
and other peripherals. SCSI standards define commands,
protocol and the electrical and optical interfaces that are required. SCSI
offers data transfer speeds are highest among
other standards.
Use at most there is a SCSI hard disk and the tape drive.
However, there is also the SCSI scanner, printer, and optical peranti
(DVD, CD, and other). Classified as a standard SCSI standard
the device independent so that theoretically can be applied to SCSI
in all types of hardware.
Putarannya based on the level of speed, the type of IDE hard disk
have a lap speed of 5400 rpm and 7200 rpm. While
SCSI hard disk capable of rotating between 10,000 s.d. 12,000 rpm.
High-speed lap disc hard disk is measured in units of
RPM (rotation per minute / per minute rounds). The fast lap
hard disk, the amount of data that can be read by the head
much. Similarly, vice versa.
Some brands of hard disk used, among other
Western Digital (WDC), Quantum, Seagate, Maxtor, Samsung, IBM,
Toshiba, and Hitachi.
3. Characteristics of Hard Disk
Each hard disk has special characteristics. Characteristic
This includes the physical size of hard disks, power savings, high consumption
power, high transfer rate, and so forth.
Capacity hard disk at this time is usually expressed in units of
Gigabytes. In some types of hard disk outdated, still use
Megabytes unit.
Physical hard disk size is usually expressed in units of inch. Hard
disk that is at this time generally have a size of 3.5 "or 2.5" which
used on the computer desktop and laptop. Hard disk with
size of 2.5 "has the speed and power savings are lower,
but more economical in terms of power consumption and relatively
more resistant to shocks. At the beginning of the year 2007, the hard disk
SATA and SAS 2.5 "began to be sold for desktop computers
and the server.
Revolution physical hard disk size significantly can be seen in
hard disk ATA-7 LIF 1.8 "-which is used in digital devices
audio-player and subnotebooks with capacity up to 100GB,
level power consumption is low, and very resistant to
shocks. As a comparison, hard disk size 1.8 "standard
used in the PCMCIA slot previously only able to accommodate
2 s.d. 5 GB only.
Furthermore, various media storage measuring 1 "starts
used, such as CF memory card type II, which is attached
on a digital camera and portable devices.
In the case of level read write operations (input / output, I / O) per second,
modern hard disk at this time is able to perform 50 random access
or 100 times the access sekuensial per second.
Characteristics of the other hard disk, the power consumption level, the level
nouse (DBA in size), resistance to shocks, and
level transfer rate (transfer speed average). Value transfer rate
hard disk is generally in the range of 44.2 MB / sec to 111.4
MB / sec. While random access time (random access speed)
ranged from 5 ms to 15 ms.
1.4 How to Work Hard Disk
Hard disks store data in the disc with a certain pattern
called a sector and track. Track is a concentric circle
(concentric circles), while the sector is one of the
in the track. Data stored in it can be read
back to the way to detect patterns.
In the picture illustrated above, the track is part of
colored light that encircle the hard disk, while the sector
is the small dark colored. A sector consists of
a byte, for example, 256 or 512. Collection of some sector
with a cluster. Track and sector created when the hard
the disk is formatted.
Hard disks generally consists of a spindle, which is
or central axis for a number of disc and is often called
also with the term platter, saving the data, the platter motor,
or a series of electronic circuit board, and cover the closing of
protect the components in the hard disk.
Platter made from non-magnetic material is usually glass or aluminum
and coated with a magnetic layer. On the type of hard disk
old model is still usually use the iron oxide as a material
magnetiknya. While the hard disk at this time is using the most
other material, the cobalt-based alloy.
While working hard disk, platter is rotating with speed
which is very high. Data is written to and read through the platter
read-and-write head that is very close to the surface
platter, the way to detect and set the level
on the surface of the magnetic platter quickly.
Platters and head
Read-and-write head
Circuit board on the hard disk
Storage on a hard disk depending on the
the number of platter too. The more the number of platter, the
capacity hard disk is also usually the larger. As an illustration,
generally have a hard disk platter and six three-and read-write
head.
Images from the hard disk component can be viewed as
below.
Cover the hard disk cover
Platter, head, and spindle motor hub
Platter motor coil
Component that has hard disk diurai
Spindel's hard disk using the air pressure in the hard disk
to support the head in order to soar when the platter
hard disk is being moved. Outside environment is connected to hard disk
through the small hole located in the vessel's hard disk.
Hole is very small with a diameter of only ½ mm.
Because by using air pressure, a normal hard disk can not be
operated at extreme altitude (above 3000 meters), to
specific purposes have special hard disk for the purpose of the operation
in height.
Answer the following questions so that your understanding
This chapter of the material the better!
Specify and describe the types of hard disk that you
know?
Describe the speed-speed hard disk that you know?
Will use the hard disk platter?
Are the names of the hard disk platter?
Explain briefly the other components of the hard
disk?
Is the name of the following components? Describe the function!
Each hard disk has special characteristics. Characteristic
This includes the physical size of hard disks, power savings, high consumption
power, high transfer rate, and so forth.
Capacity hard disk at this time is usually expressed in units of
Gigabytes. In some types of hard disk outdated, still use
Megabytes unit.
Physical hard disk size is usually expressed in units of inch. Hard
disk that is at this time generally have a size of 3.5 "or 2.5" which
used on the computer desktop and laptop. Hard disk with
size of 2.5 "has the speed and power savings are lower,
but more economical in terms of power consumption and relatively
more resistant to shocks. At the beginning of the year 2007, the hard disk
SATA and SAS 2.5 "began to be sold for desktop computers
and the server.
Revolution physical hard disk size significantly can be seen in
hard disk ATA-7 LIF 1.8 "-which is used in digital devices
audio-player and subnotebooks with capacity up to 100GB,
level power consumption is low, and very resistant to
shocks. As a comparison, hard disk size 1.8 "standard
used in the PCMCIA slot previously only able to accommodate
2 s.d. 5 GB only.
Furthermore, various media storage measuring 1 "starts
used, such as CF memory card type II, which is attached
on a digital camera and portable devices.
In the case of level read write operations (input / output, I / O) per second,
modern hard disk at this time is able to perform 50 random access
or 100 times the access sekuensial per second.
Characteristics of the other hard disk, the power consumption level, the level
nouse (DBA in size), resistance to shocks, and
level transfer rate (transfer speed average). Value transfer rate
hard disk is generally in the range of 44.2 MB / sec to 111.4
MB / sec. While random access time (random access speed)
ranged from 5 ms to 15 ms.
1.4 How to Work Hard Disk
Hard disks store data in the disc with a certain pattern
called a sector and track. Track is a concentric circle
(concentric circles), while the sector is one of the
in the track. Data stored in it can be read
back to the way to detect patterns.
In the picture illustrated above, the track is part of
colored light that encircle the hard disk, while the sector
is the small dark colored. A sector consists of
a byte, for example, 256 or 512. Collection of some sector
with a cluster. Track and sector created when the hard
the disk is formatted.
Hard disks generally consists of a spindle, which is
or central axis for a number of disc and is often called
also with the term platter, saving the data, the platter motor,
or a series of electronic circuit board, and cover the closing of
protect the components in the hard disk.
Platter made from non-magnetic material is usually glass or aluminum
and coated with a magnetic layer. On the type of hard disk
old model is still usually use the iron oxide as a material
magnetiknya. While the hard disk at this time is using the most
other material, the cobalt-based alloy.
While working hard disk, platter is rotating with speed
which is very high. Data is written to and read through the platter
read-and-write head that is very close to the surface
platter, the way to detect and set the level
on the surface of the magnetic platter quickly.
Platters and head
Read-and-write head
Circuit board on the hard disk
Storage on a hard disk depending on the
the number of platter too. The more the number of platter, the
capacity hard disk is also usually the larger. As an illustration,
generally have a hard disk platter and six three-and read-write
head.
Images from the hard disk component can be viewed as
below.
Cover the hard disk cover
Platter, head, and spindle motor hub
Platter motor coil
Component that has hard disk diurai
Spindel's hard disk using the air pressure in the hard disk
to support the head in order to soar when the platter
hard disk is being moved. Outside environment is connected to hard disk
through the small hole located in the vessel's hard disk.
Hole is very small with a diameter of only ½ mm.
Because by using air pressure, a normal hard disk can not be
operated at extreme altitude (above 3000 meters), to
specific purposes have special hard disk for the purpose of the operation
in height.
Answer the following questions so that your understanding
This chapter of the material the better!
Specify and describe the types of hard disk that you
know?
Describe the speed-speed hard disk that you know?
Will use the hard disk platter?
Are the names of the hard disk platter?
Explain briefly the other components of the hard
disk?
Is the name of the following components? Describe the function!
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